According to Suga's idea, the history of his college (presently Hitotsubashi
University), that is, a series of events related to the promotion to college,
and the days until moving to Kunitachi campus after the Great Kanto Earthquake
are the clues that solve the mystery of the Kanematsu Auditorium and the
Four-God statues on the facade.
He seems to begin his talk from the origin when the Commercial Law Institute
(CLI) was founded.
During the days of Tokyo Commercial School, it merged with Tokyo School
of Foreign Studies. So, Mari Nomizo is not unrelated to this matter. However
she is with a blank look since it seems to be the first thing to her.
Saying,
"It is a history of our school all right, but the main theme is the events during the 50 years from the foundation until the construction of Kanematsu Auditorium,"
Suga narrows the time axis.
"The CLI was born in Meiji 8 (1875) when topknots were still popular.
It was long time ago. We will celebrate its 130th anniversary next year.
Do you know anything special in the Western art those days?"
He asks Eriko familiar with the Western history without any reason. He
would probably like to refer to the culture Eiichi Shibusawa and others
learned over there.
Eriko opens a certain book for confirmation and says,
"One year ago in 1874 the first exhibition of the Imressionists was
held in Paris. All of you may be familiar with some pictures of Monet,
Renoir, Manet, Pissarro, Sisley, Cezanne, Degas, Berthe Morisot, ..."
The artist names continue forever.
Then, she turns toward Tsubune.
"This says, 'Carmen' of Bisset was first performed in the same year,
though he died just after that."
"Then, it means he composed 'The Girl from Arles' and 'The Pearl Fishers'
before it, true?"
Being puzzled, he does not forget to say a word, and unnaturally, "You
have a CD of Carmen, right?"
Leaving the table, Tsubune takes out one CD of opera from the rack and
puts it on the player.
Maria Callas plays Carmen with Orchestre de l'Opera National de Paris conducted
by Georges Pretre.
The prelude for the act 1 begins with the sound of vigor.
He turns down the volume in order not to disturb the discussion and sits
down at the table.
Appreciating the two's talk and not minding the abrupt background music,
Suga leads them to the main subject, saying,
"Since Eiichi Shibusawa visited Paris Expo in Keio 3 (1867), the Carmen
opera was performed seven/eight years after his visit."
He starts his talk.
"I see it was around those days that the Commercial Law Institute
(CLI) was established. It was a private school of Arinori Mori who opened
it on the second floor of the bream-miso store at Ginza-Owari town in Tokyo.
You can see the monument by Matsuzakaya department store."
Scratching his head, Tsubune takes the notebook from Suga and reads the
directed part.
The promoters were Eiichi Shibusawa of the age 35, Kihachiro Ohkura of
the age 38 and Arinori Mori of the age 28.
The prospectus is:
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1. |
The management is done by the consultation among Arinori Mori, Yukichi
Fukuzawa and Shuhei Mitsukuri. |
2. |
The Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and Industry (TCCI) employs William C. Whitney,
an American, and pays a salary to him. |
3. |
TCCI's land of 4,500 tsubo (15 square kilometers) is lent to CLI free of
charge. |
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Suga follows Tsubune's reading.
"Just after its foundation, however, the Government decided to dispatch
Mori to Beijing, China, as the Envoy. Mori had no choice but to ask Shibusawa,
the representative of TCCI, to help entrust CLI to TCCI. The school building
was completed the next year at Kyobashi-Kobiki area, but the CLI was transferred
to the Metropolitan Tokyo this time due to the breakup of TCCI. Like this,
the change of the takers for CLI was repeated in quick succession."
This story is known by Tsubune and Eriko, but a puzzle to Mari of the first joining.
With no care, Suga proceeds.
"Well in this birth period, ... besides Eiichi Shibusawa and Arinori
Mori, I would like to talk about Yukichi Fukuzawa."
"Yukichi?", Mari looks up just as Suga expected.
Yukichi Fukuzawa opened "Rangaku-juku School" (presently Keio
University) at Edo-Teppozu in 1858 late Edo period at his age of 23.
In later years, he, at the age of 40, drafted the prospectus for the foundation
of Commercial Law Institute (CLI).
It says,
"Why has no commercial school been here all over Japan until now?
It should be one of the worst faults of the country.
In the Western countries where there are merchants, there are commercial
schools, just like where there are samrais, there are swordplay schools.
As in the days fighting with swords no samurai should have gone to the
battle field without learning the swordplay, so in the days of fighting
in business no fighting without studying commercial laws should be superior
against foreigners. |
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"It's easy to understand even in old Japanese style, isn't it?"
Tsubune says with a triumphant air.
Suga talks toward Mari in smile.
"One more person you may know. I'd like to pick up Kaishu Katsu."
A little surprised, Mari says a word.
"What on earth does it have something to do with Rintaro (Kaishu)
Katsu?"
Katsu was a samurai who ended Tokugawa Shogunate by leading to the bloodless
surrender of Edo Castle and by handing it over to the Meiji Restoration
Government in the result of the negotiation by himself with Takamori Saigo.
In Ansei 7 (1860), seven years earlier, Katsu crossed the Pacific Ocean
to the United States as a captain of the ship Kanrin-maru.
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Mari knows the latter passage, so she makes an interjection, saying,
"He seems to have had a trouble to get seasick then." Suga is
pleased and continues a fluent talk.
"Yukichi Fukuzawa and John Manjiro, an interpreter, attended Katsu
on the ship. It was seven years after the fleet of the US Navy commanded
by Matthew Perry dropped anchors off Uraga seashore.."
Tsubune shows off his knowledge this time, playing the fool.
『泰平(太平)の眠りを覚ます上喜撰(蒸気船)、
たった四杯で夜も寝られず』 |
Steam ships wake up the peaceful society.
People cannot sleep well in spite of only four ships. |
The tea "jokisen" wakes up my peaceful sleep.
I cannot sleep well in spite of only four cups. |
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This wandering off the subject gave Mari a sigh of relief. Suga and Eriko
show some interest, too.
Suga gets back to the subject.
"Do you know this Kaishu Katsu is much related to our school in the
birth period? And moreover, around the foundation days of CLI. It happened
eight years after the Meiji Restoration."
He talks, looking at the three's strange faces.
The Commercial and Law Institute (CLI) invited William Whitney, an authority
of bookkeeping from the United States.
Whitney came to Japan with his family and noticed the deal here was much
different from the promise. His family did not even have enough food and
clothes.
So, Katsu at his age of 52, Navy Minister, took care of Whitney's family
not only with the cost of living but with everything.
His warm hospitality is said to have been talked about for a long time. |
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Suga adds the following in smile.
"With this and that, after years, his 3rd son Umetaro married Clara,
Whitney's daughter. There is more to this story. That is, thanks to the
couple, Kaishu Katsu was blessed with six grand children with blue eyes."
Seeing Mari's impressed look,
"To be honest, there remains Clara's Meiji diary, in which you can
find this story. ..., and now, another addition, ... "
Suga speaks in a pretentious way.
"When he was informally told that he was going to be upgraded to Viscount by the new Government, he was dissatisfied. So, he threw the advance announcement back with the following waka-poem message. "
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『今までは人並みの身と思ひしが
五尺に足らぬ四尺(子爵)なりとは』 |
I have thought I am as tall as a common man,
but I am shishaku (4 shaku = 121 cm),
less than goshaku (5 shaku = 152 cm). |
I have thought I would be promoted
to a suitable grade,
but you are going to give me
only shishaku (Viscount). |
The Government was upset and upgraded him to Count.
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The elderly Suga himself is fascinated, too, and the atmosphere is now
relaxed.
Tsubune asks him if there are other people of merit.
Suga: "We do not have to forget about Kihachiro Okura. He was called
a sworn friend of Shibusawa."
Mari: "Wasn't he the founder of Hotel Okura?"
Suga: "No, he was not. His oldest son Kishichiro founded the hotel
in Showa 33 (1958). Not long ago."
Suga introduces father Kihachiro briefly as follows.
About 70 years before the start of Hotel Okura, in Meiji 20 (1887), Imperial
Hotel was established by the cooperation of Kihachiro and Eiichi Shibusawa.
Kihachiro was such a great businessman in Meiji and Taisho period as Shibusawa.
He formed the Okura conglomerate, and started Taisei Corporation, Sapporo
Beer, Nisshin Oil Mills, Tokai Pulp, Regal Corp., etc., in the various
business fields.
In the later years he founded Okura Commercial School (presently, Tokyo
Economic University). It was when he was 63 years old in Meiji 33 (1900),
25 years after Commercial Law Institute. |
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Tsubune is so impressed, sayng, "His life is very similar to Eiichi
Shibusawa. Isn't it surprising?"
But Suga speaks ambiguously, "Different from Shibusawa who led the
business world, Kihachiro is said to have made his fortune as a businessman
with political contacts..."
After saying that he was famous for the patron of Chuta Itoh, Suga wants
to end the Old Okura matter here.
"What others?", ignoring Tsubune's question, Suga moves the story
forward.
"As I said, the Commercial Law Institute was forced to be transferred
from the private school of Arinori Mori to Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and
Industry and to the Metropolitan Tokyo, but the worse fate waited for the
school there."
For the unexpected talk, Eriko and Tsubune say at the same time, "Why?"
According to Suga's complicated explanation,
The Metropolitan Tokyo had a strong feeling for Shibusawa to have passed
the troublesome burden on to them.
Most probably in need of finance, it reduced half the budget from the start.
Two years later in Meiji 14 (1882) it denied the whole budget of CLI, declaring
"No commercial school is necessary in the Metropolitan Tokyo."
In July that year, the Governor announced the abolition of CLI, so it closed for a while, though in September two months later it was reopened by the subsidy of the Japanese government thanks to the hard movement of Shibusawa and his circle. |
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Mari seems a little confused. Unable to hide it, with her eyes blank, she
is playing with a tea cup. Elderly Suga does not care about her and continues
the talk.
CLI was transferred to the Agriculture and Commerce Ministry (ACM) in Meiji
17 (1885), and its relation with the Metropolitan Tokyo was broken up.
It had treated CLI badly until then anyway.
It is said Jiro Yano, the principal, sold even his personal property. It barely survived by the backing of Shibusawa, a representative of Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and Industry, but conversely, the Metropolitan Tokyo sent away the nasty burden at last. |
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"The CLI was transferred to a Ministry. It means the taker of CLI
became the Japanese Government, doesn't it?"
Eriko murmurs, pouring fresh coffee one by one. The flavor with strong
acidic taste drifts out.
"In this way CLI became a government-run school, but it was just in
name only,"
Suga says, tasting coffee and taking a break. He still doesn't notice Mari's
confusion. His complicated talk continues.
First of all, in the next year, Meiji 18 (1886), it was exploited in a
political struggle of concession, and in the result its control was changed
toward under the Education Ministry.
The school name was also changed from Tokyo Commercial School to High Commercial
School and then to Tokyo High Commercial School.
However in reality, it was treated as an outsider by the Education Ministry
of out-and-out pro-Imperial schools, and even was the target of the practice
of hiring former government officials.
Faraway to the promotion to university. |
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Tsubune and Eriko seem to follow his talk enjoyably, but Mari openly shows
her boredom and is playing with her empty mug this time.
Suga's talk goes on in its way.
"In this situation Eiichi Shibusawa attended the graduation ceremony
and gave a congratulatory speech every year as mentioned in the document
at Shibusawa Memorial Museum. It lasted consecutively at least 30 years
from Meiji 23 (1889). He surely gave a speech in Taisho 9 (1920) when it
was promoted to university."
Eriko admires, saying "He must have been very earnest."
Mari abruptly says,
"I know Eiichi Shibusawa well. I watched the feature TV program the other day. He was said familiar to fortune telling." She has its hobby.
At this moment Suga has noticed her little interest in his talk. But he
is sure the topic on the dawn period of the school is mostly over. So,
he says in smile,
"This is what happened since its foundation until right before the
Shinyu Case."
He drinks tepid coffee with no flavor.
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